وفّر 50٪ من خلال الاشتراك السنوي في مجرة واحصل على تصفح لا محدود لأفضل محتوى عربي على الإنترنت.
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هو عنصر كيميائي من المعادن الفضية الصلبة الهشة الموجودة ضمن الجدول الدوري، يظهر باللون الوردي ويتميز بذوبانيته الضعيفة وأكسدته السهلة، ويتفاعل أيضاً مع الماء فيصدأ مثل الحديد ويذوب في الأحماض المخففة.
تم اكتشاف المنغنيز وتعريفه كعنصر في عام 1774 من قبل الكيميائي السويدي كارل فيلهلم شيل في أثناء عمله مع "البيرولوزيت" المعدني، وتم عزله في نفس العام من قبل شريكه يوهان جوتليب جان.
يوجد المنغنيز بكميات ضئيلة في الجسم، ويكون متمركزاً في العظام والكبد والكلى والبنكرياس، حيث يساعد المنغنيز الجسم على تكوين النسيج الضام والعظام وعوامل تخثر الدم والهرمونات الجنسية.
يمكن أن يؤدي فرط المنغنيز إلى نشوء سمية تظهر باضطراب عصبي دائم يُعرف باسم "المنغنيزية" مع أعراض تشمل الرعاش وصعوبة المشي وتشنجات عضلات الوجه، وغالباً ما تسبق هذه الأعراض علامات مثل التهيج والعدوانية والهلوسة.
يتميز المنغنيز بالمواصفات التالية:
يُستخدم المنغنيز في التطبيقات التالية:
يتم استخراج المنغنيز بشكل أساسي في الصين وإفريقيا وأستراليا والغابون، يوجد معدنه بشكل شائع في الأكاسيد ويتم فصله عن طريق اختزاله بالصوديوم أو المغنيسيوم أو الألومنيوم عن طريق التحليل الكهربائي.
تم تسجيل استخدام المنغنيز على شكل خام البيرولوسيت من قبل رسامي الكهوف في فترات ما قبل التاريخ في منطقة لاسكو بفرنسا منذ 30000 عام.
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