وفّر 50٪ من خلال الاشتراك السنوي في مجرة واحصل على تصفح لا محدود لأفضل محتوى عربي على الإنترنت.
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هو عنصر كيميائي معدني من عناصر الجدول الدوري، ويتميز بأنه المعدن الأساسي الوحيد الذي يكون سائلًا في درجة حرارة الغرفة. لونه أبيض فضي، وله كثافة عالية وموصلية جيدة للكهرباء.
عُرِف الزئبق من العصور القديمة، إذ استخدمه الصينيون والهندوس، والفراعنة المصريون منذ 1500 سنة قبل الميلاد، وأطلقوا عليه اسم الفضة السائلة.
يتميز الزئبق بالمواصفات التالية:
يتوفر الزئبق في قشرة الأرض بنسبة 85 جزءاً في المليار وزناً، بينما تبلغ وفرته في النظام الشمسي نحو 20 جزءاً في المليار وزناً.
يوجد الزئبق عادةً في الخامات وبشكل خاص في كبريتيد الزئبق، حيث يُستخرج عن طريق حرق خام الزنغفر في تيار هوائي، حيث يتكثف بخار الزئبق في شكل المعدن السائل.
تنتج إسبانيا وإيطاليا نحو 50% من المعروض العالمي من المعدن. الوحدة التجارية لمناولة الزئبق هي "القارورة" التي تزن 76 رطلاً.
يؤدي التعرض للزئبق وأبخرته إلى التسمم بالزئبق الذي يتميز بالتأثيرات التالية:
يُستخدَم الزئبق في التطبيقات التالية:
تحتوي الأسماك التالية على نسب عالية من الزئبق في تركيبها البيولوجي ومنها:
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