وفّر 50٪ من خلال الاشتراك السنوي في مجرة واحصل على تصفح لا محدود لأفضل محتوى عربي على الإنترنت.
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الإلكترونات (Electrons): اكتشفها عالم الفيزياء البريطاني "جوزيف جون طومسون" (Joseph John Thomson) عام 1897، وهو جسيم دون ذري سالب الشحنة. يمكن أن تكون الإلكترونات إما حرة غير مرتبطة بأي ذرة، أو مرتبطة بنواة الذرة ضمن مسارات غير مرئية تسمى "المدارات" تمثل مستويات الطاقة، وتوجد في الذرات ضمن أغلفة كروية من أنصاف أقطار مختلفة، حيث كلما زاد حجم الغلاف الكروي، زادت الطاقة الموجودة في الإلكترون. إذا رأيت عمل الموصلات الكهربائية، فإن تدفق التيار ينتج من حركة الإلكترونات من ذرة إلى ذرة على حدة، ومن أقطاب كهربائية سالبة إلى موجبة بشكل عام.
أهم الخصائص التي تميز الإلكترونات هي:
مواضيع ذات صلة:
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